/* Web Fonts
   ========================================================================== */
@font-face {
    font-family: "Noto Serif";
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-display: swap;
    src: url('fonts/noto-serif-latin-400-normal.woff2') format('woff2');
}
@font-face {
    font-family: "Noto Serif";
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-display: swap;
    src: url('fonts/noto-serif-latin-400-italic.woff2') format('woff2');
}
@font-face {
    font-family: "Noto Serif";
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-display: swap;
    src: url('fonts/noto-serif-latin-700-normal.woff2') format('woff2');
}
@font-face {
    font-family: "Noto Serif";
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-display: swap;
    src: url('fonts/noto-serif-latin-700-italic.woff2') format('woff2');
}

/* CSS Custom Properties
   ========================================================================== */
:root {
    /* Typography scale - increase --font-scale to make everything larger */
    --font-scale: 1.15;        /* 1.15 × 16px browser default ≈ 18.4px */

    /* Font families */
    --font-body: "Noto Serif", "DejaVu Serif", Georgia, serif;
    --font-mono: monospace, monospace;
    --font-sans: sans-serif;

    /* Colors */
    --color-brand: #045;
    --color-brand-light: #048;
    --color-text: #111;
    --color-text-muted: #333;
    --color-text-faint: #788;
    --color-bg: #f4f4f4;
    --color-bg-alt: #f9f9f9;
    --color-bg-highlight: #eceeee;
    --color-white: #fff;
    --color-border: #ddd;

    /* Box colors */
    --color-exercise: #cfac34;
    --color-definition: #77997f;
    --color-observation: #779999;
    --color-theorem: #003877;
    --color-lemma: #777f99;
    --color-proposition: #779999;

    /* Layout */
    --content-width: 45rem;
    --line-height: 1.7;
}

/* Base
   ========================================================================== */
html {
    font-size: calc(100% * var(--font-scale));
}

body, html {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

body {
    background-color: var(--color-bg);
    color: var(--color-text);
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    line-height: var(--line-height);
}

@media print {
    body {
        max-width: none;
    }
}

/* Header
   ========================================================================== */
header {
    border-bottom: 3px solid var(--color-brand);
    width: 100%;
}

#title {
    max-width: var(--content-width);
    margin: 0.6rem auto;
    display: flex;
    color: var(--color-brand);
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    font-weight: bold;
}

#title a {
    color: var(--color-brand);
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Dropdown navigation
   ========================================================================== */
.dropdown {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 10;
    padding-right: 0.7em;
    transform: translateX(-100%);
}

.dropdown .hamburger {
    cursor: pointer;
}

.dropdown-content {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    background-color: var(--color-bg-alt);
    min-width: 28rem;
    left: -0.6rem;
    box-shadow: 0 0.5rem 1rem rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
    z-index: 100;
    max-height: 31rem;
    overflow-y: auto;
    overflow-x: hidden;
    line-height: 1.5;
    padding: 0.6rem;
}

.dropdown-content a {
    display: block;
    color: var(--color-brand);
    font-size: 1rem;
    padding-top: 0.6rem;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.dropdown-content a.sectionToc {
    padding: 0;
    font-weight: normal;
}

/* Main content
   ========================================================================== */
.content {
    margin: 2.5rem auto;
    max-width: var(--content-width);
    padding: 0 0.6em;
}

/* Footer
   ========================================================================== */
footer {
    background: var(--color-brand);
    color: var(--color-white);
    text-align: center;
    padding: 1.25rem;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    width: 100%;
}

footer a {
    color: var(--color-white);
}

/* Table of contents (in-page)
   ========================================================================== */
.tableofcontents {
    line-height: 1.5;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.tableofcontents a {
    text-decoration: none;
}

.tableofcontents span.chapterToc {
    padding-top: 0.3em;
    display: inline-block;
}

/* Typography
   ========================================================================== */
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 {
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.chapterHead, .likechapterHead {
    font-size: 1.7rem;
}

.sectionHead, .likesectionHead {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    margin-top: 1.6em;
}

.subsectionHead, .likesubsectionHead {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
}

.subsubsectionHead, .likesubsubsectionHead {
    font-size: 1rem;
}

.partHead, .likepartHead {
    font-size: 2rem;
}

.titlemark {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: -1;
    padding-right: 0.7em;
    color: var(--color-text-faint);
    transform: translateX(-100%);
}

p {
    margin-bottom: 0;
    margin-top: 0;
    text-align: justify;
    hyphens: auto;
    -webkit-hyphens: auto;
    hyphenate-limit-chars: 10;
    text-wrap: pretty;
}

div + p, p + div, p + p, p + pre, pre + p {
    margin-top: 1em;
}

.tcolorbox p + p {
    margin-top: 0.3em;
}

/* Links
   ========================================================================== */
a {
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
    word-wrap: break-word;
    hyphens: auto;
    word-break: break-word;
    color: var(--color-brand-light);
}

a img {
    border: 0;
}

a.locallink {
    text-decoration: none;
    background: var(--color-bg-highlight);
}

a.locallink:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Utility classes
   ========================================================================== */
span.nowrap {
    white-space: nowrap;
}

center {
    margin-bottom: 1em;
    margin-top: 1em;
}

td center {
    margin: 0;
}

.small-caps, .smallcaps {
    font-variant: small-caps;
}

.underline {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.overline {
    text-decoration: overline;
}

/* Navigation
   ========================================================================== */
.nextchapter {
    margin: 2.5rem 0;
    padding: 1.25rem 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

@media print {
    div.crosslinks {
        visibility: hidden;
    }
}

/* Images and figures
   ========================================================================== */
img[src$=".svg"] {
    margin: 1.25rem 0 0 0;
}

div.figure, div.float, figure.float {
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}

div.figure img, div.float img {
    text-align: center;
}

figure.figure {
    text-align: center;
}

figcaption.caption {
    margin-left: 3em;
    margin-right: 1em;
    text-align: center;
    text-indent: -2em;
}

figcaption.caption span.id {
    font-weight: 700;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

img + figcaption, p + figcaption {
    margin-top: 1em;
}

img.math {
    vertical-align: middle;
}

img.cdots {
    vertical-align: middle;
}

.overline img {
    border-top: 1px solid #000;
}

.underline img {
    border-bottom: 1px solid #000;
    margin-bottom: 1pt;
}

.Canvas {
    position: relative;
}

/* Lists
   ========================================================================== */
li.nobullet {
    list-style-type: none;
    margin-left: 0.5em;
}

span.itemlabel {
    position: absolute;
    padding-right: 0.6rem;
    transform: translateX(-100%);
}

.enumerate1 { list-style-type: decimal; }
.enumerate2 { list-style-type: lower-alpha; }
.enumerate3 { list-style-type: lower-roman; }
.enumerate4 { list-style-type: upper-alpha; }

li p.indent {
    text-indent: 0;
}

li p:first-child {
    margin-top: 0;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

li p ~ ol:last-child, li p ~ ul:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}

dl.enumerate {
    align-items: top;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 3ch 1fr;
    row-gap: 1ch;
}

dd.enumerate {
    margin-left: 0;
}

dl.enumerate-enumitem {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: max-content 1fr;
    column-gap: 0.4em;
    row-gap: 0.5ch;
    margin-left: 1.25rem;
    align-items: start;
}

dt.enumerate-enumitem {
    text-align: right;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

dd.enumerate-enumitem {
    margin-left: 0.5rem;
}

.compactenum, dt.enumerate {
    clear: left;
    float: left;
    margin-left: 2em;
    margin-right: 0.2em;
}

/* Tables
   ========================================================================== */
div.tabular {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 0.6rem;
}

table.tabular {
    border-collapse: collapse;
    border-spacing: 0;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}

div.center div.tabular, div.tabular {
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
    margin-top: 0.5em;
    text-align: center;
}

table.tabular td p {
    margin-top: 0;
}

td p:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
td p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

table[rules] {
    border-left: 1px solid #000;
    border-right: 1px solid #000;
}

/* Table cell padding variants */
div.td00 { margin: 0; }
div.td01 { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0.3rem; }
div.td10 { margin-left: 0.3rem; margin-right: 0; }
div.td11 { margin: 0 0.3rem; }

td.td00 { padding: 0; }
td.td01 { padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0.3rem; }
td.td10 { padding-left: 0.3rem; padding-right: 0; }
td.td11 { padding: 0 0.3rem; }

/* Table lines */
.hline, .hline hr, .cline hr {
    border-top: 1px solid #000;
}

.cline hr, .hline hr {
    height: 0;
    margin: 0;
    border: none;
}

.cline td, .hline td {
    padding: 0;
}

.hline + .vspace:last-child {
    display: none;
}

.hline:first-child {
    border-bottom: 1px solid #000;
    border-top: none;
}

tr.hline td hr {
    display: none;
}

div.array {
    text-align: center;
}

/* Math display
   ========================================================================== */
div.math-display, div.par-math-display {
    text-align: center;
}

span.pmatrix img {
    vertical-align: middle;
}

div.pmatrix, div.eqnarray {
    text-align: center;
}

table.pmatrix, table.eqnarray, table.eqnarray-star {
    width: 100%;
}

span.bar-css {
    text-decoration: overline;
}

/* Equations */
.equation td, .equation-star td {
    text-align: center;
}

table.equation, table.equation-star {
    width: 100%;
}

td.equation {
    margin: 1em 0;
}

td.equation-label {
    text-align: center;
    width: 5%;
}

td.eqnarray4 {
    white-space: normal;
    width: 5%;
}

td.eqnarray2 {
    width: 5%;
}

/* Alignment environments */
table.align, table.alignat, table.flalign, table.xalignat, table.xxalignat {
    margin-left: 5%;
    white-space: nowrap;
    width: 95%;
}

table.align-star, table.alignat-star, table.flalign-star, table.xalignat-star {
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

td.align-label {
    text-align: center;
    width: 5%;
}

td.align-odd {
    padding-right: 0.3em;
    text-align: right;
}

td.align-even {
    padding-right: 0.6em;
    text-align: left;
}

table.multline, table.multline-star, table.gather {
    width: 100%;
}

td.gather, div.gather-star {
    text-align: center;
}

/* Boxes and frames
   ========================================================================== */
.fbox {
    border: 1px solid #000;
    padding-left: 0.2rem;
    padding-right: 0.2rem;
    text-indent: 0;
}

div.fbox {
    display: table;
}

div.center div.fbox {
    border: 1px solid #000;
    clear: both;
    padding: 0 0.2rem;
    text-align: center;
    text-indent: 0;
}

.framebox-c, .framebox-l, .framebox-r {
    border: 1px solid #000;
    padding: 0 0.2rem;
    text-indent: 0;
}

.framebox-c { text-align: center; }
.framebox-l { text-align: left; }
.framebox-r { text-align: right; }

div.minipage {
    display: inline-block;
    margin: 2rem 4rem 2rem 0;
    vertical-align: top;
    text-align: center;
}

div.minipage p {
    text-align: center;
}

/* Alignment
   ========================================================================== */
div.center, div.center div.center {
    margin-left: 1em;
    margin-right: 1em;
    text-align: center;
}

div.center p, footer p {
    text-align: center;
}

div.center div {
    text-align: left;
}

div.flushright, div.flushright div.flushright {
    text-align: right;
}

div.flushleft, div.flushright div {
    text-align: left;
}

.centerline, td.displaylines {
    text-align: center;
}

.rightline {
    text-align: right;
}

td.displaylines {
    white-space: nowrap;
}

/* Verbatim and code
   ========================================================================== */
pre.verbatim {
    clear: both;
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    text-align: left;
}

code.verb, code.lstinline, pre.listings, pre.lstlisting, pre.lstinputlisting {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
}

pre.listings, pre.lstlisting {
    margin: 0.5em 0;
    white-space: pre-wrap;
}

pre.fancyvrb {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    margin: 0;
    white-space: pre-wrap;
}

div.verbatiminput {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.lstlisting .label, .lstinputlisting .label {
    margin-right: 0.5em;
}

/* Footnotes
   ========================================================================== */
div.footnotes {
    border-bottom: 1px solid #000;
    border-top: 1px solid #000;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-style: italic;
    margin-right: 15%;
    margin-top: 2em;
    padding: 0.5em 0 1em 0;
}

div.footnotes p {
    margin: 0;
    text-indent: 0;
}

span.footnote-mark a sup.textsuperscript,
span.footnote-mark sup.textsuperscript {
    font-size: 80%;
}

span.thank-mark {
    vertical-align: super;
}

/* Margin notes
   ========================================================================== */
.marginpar, .reversemarginpar {
    float: right;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-top: 0.5em;
    text-align: left;
    text-decoration: underline;
    width: 20%;
}

.marginpar p, .reversemarginpar p {
    margin: 0.4em 0;
}

.reversemarginpar {
    float: left;
}

/* Theorems and newtheorem
   ========================================================================== */
div.newtheorem {
    margin: 2em 0;
}

div.newtheorem .head {
    font-weight: 700;
}

/* Title and frontmatter
   ========================================================================== */
div.maketitle, h2.titleHead {
    text-align: center;
}

div.maketitle {
    margin-bottom: 2em;
}

div.author, div.date {
    text-align: center;
}

div.thanks {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-style: italic;
    margin-left: 10%;
    text-align: left;
}

div.dedication, div.titlepage {
    text-align: center;
}

div.titlepage {
    margin-bottom: 2em;
}

h1.partHead {
    text-align: center;
}

/* TOC styling
   ========================================================================== */
.likepartToc, .likepartToc a, .partToc, .partToc a {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 2;
}

.addchapToc a, .appendixToc, .appendixToc a,
.chapterToc, .chapterToc a,
.likechapterToc, .likechapterToc a {
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 2;
}

/* Bibliography
   ========================================================================== */
p.bibitem {
    text-indent: -2em;
}

p.bibitem, p.bibitem-p {
    margin: 0.6em 0 0.6em 2em;
}

p.bibitem-p {
    text-indent: 0;
}

/* Paragraph headings
   ========================================================================== */
.paragraphHead, .likeparagraphHead {
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-top: 2em;
}

.subparagraphHead, .likesubparagraphHead {
    font-weight: 700;
}

/* Index
   ========================================================================== */
.index-item, .index-subitem, .index-subsubitem {
    display: block;
}

/* Captions
   ========================================================================== */
.caption td.id, .caption span.id {
    font-weight: 700;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

div.caption {
    text-align: center;
}

/* Verse
   ========================================================================== */
.verse {
    margin-left: 2em;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

/* Wrap figures
   ========================================================================== */
.wrapfig-r, .wrapfig-ir, .wrapfig-or, .wrapfig-ri, .wrapfig-ro {
    float: right;
    margin-left: 2em;
    margin-top: 0.5em;
    text-align: left;
}

.wrapfig-l, .wrapfig-il, .wrapfig-ol, .wrapfig-li, .wrapfig-lo {
    float: left;
    margin-right: auto;
    margin-top: 0.5em;
    text-align: left;
}

.wrapfig-l .caption, .wrapfig-r .caption,
.wrapfig-il .caption, .wrapfig-ir .caption,
.wrapfig-ol .caption, .wrapfig-or .caption,
.wrapfig-li .caption, .wrapfig-ri .caption,
.wrapfig-lo .caption, .wrapfig-ro .caption {
    width: 30%;
}

.wrapfig-l .caption td.content, .wrapfig-r .caption td.content,
.wrapfig-il .caption td.content, .wrapfig-ir .caption td.content,
.wrapfig-ol .caption td.content, .wrapfig-or .caption td.content,
.wrapfig-li .caption td.content, .wrapfig-ri .caption td.content,
.wrapfig-lo .caption td.content, .wrapfig-ro .caption td.content {
    white-space: normal;
}

/* Miscellaneous LaTeX constructs
   ========================================================================== */
p.indent {
    text-indent: 0;
}

.obeylines-h, .obeylines-v {
    white-space: nowrap;
}

div.obeylines-v p {
    margin: 0;
}

.rotatebox {
    display: inline-block;
}

span.Xy span.Y {
    left: -0.25em;
    position: relative;
    top: 0.35ex;
}

/* tcolorbox elements
   ========================================================================== */
.tcolorbox {
    margin: 0.5em 0;
}

.tcolorbox .lowerbox {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.tcolorbox dl.enumerate-enumitem {
    margin-left: 0rem;
}

/* Turing-machine tape rendering (replacement for \turingtape TikZ macro) */
.turingtape-display {
    display: block;
    text-align: center;
    margin: 2em 0;
}
.turingtape, .turingtape-inline {
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: middle;
    white-space: nowrap;
    padding-left: 0.5em;
    padding-right: 0.5em;
}
.turingtape-cell {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 2em;
    height: 2em;
    line-height: 2em;
    text-align: center;
    border: 1px solid rgba(120, 120, 120, 0.5);
    box-sizing: border-box;
}
.turingtape-inline .turingtape-cell {
    width: 1em;
    height: 1em;
    line-height: 1em;
    font-size: 0.9em;
}
.turingtape-highlight {
    background: rgba(120, 120, 120, 0.18);
}

/* Exercise boxes */
.exercise, .definition, .obs, .justabox,
.theorem, .lemma, .proposition {
    margin: 1.25rem 0;
    box-shadow: 0 0.125rem 0.25rem rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
}

.exercise > div.tcolorbox-title {
    background: var(--color-exercise);
    padding: 0.2rem 1.25rem;
    color: var(--color-white);
}

.exercise > div.tcolorbox-content {
    border: 1px solid var(--color-exercise);
    padding: 0.5em 1em;
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

/* Definition boxes */
.definition > div.tcolorbox-title {
    background: var(--color-definition);
    padding: 0.2rem 1.25rem;
    color: var(--color-white);
}

.definition > div.tcolorbox-content,
.justabox > div.tcolorbox-content {
    border: 1px solid var(--color-definition);
    padding: 0.5em 1em;
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

/* Observation boxes */
.obs > div.tcolorbox-title {
    background: var(--color-observation);
    padding: 0.2rem 1.25rem;
    color: var(--color-white);
}

.obs > div.tcolorbox-content {
    border: 1px solid var(--color-observation);
    padding: 0.5em 1em;
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

/* Theorem boxes */
.theorem > div.tcolorbox-title {
    background: var(--color-theorem);
    padding: 0.2rem 1.25rem;
    color: var(--color-white);
}

.theorem > div.tcolorbox-content {
    border: 1px solid var(--color-theorem);
    padding: 0.5em 1em;
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

/* Lemma boxes */
.lemma > div.tcolorbox-title {
    background: var(--color-lemma);
    padding: 0.2rem 1.25rem;
    color: var(--color-white);
}

.lemma > div.tcolorbox-content {
    border: 1px solid var(--color-lemma);
    padding: 0.5em 1em;
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

/* Proposition boxes */
.proposition > div.tcolorbox-title {
    background: var(--color-proposition);
    padding: 0.2rem 1.25rem;
    color: var(--color-white);
}

.proposition > div.tcolorbox-content {
    border: 1px solid var(--color-proposition);
    padding: 0.5em 1em;
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

/* Proof boxes */
.proof > div.tcolorbox-content {
    border-left: 1px solid #666;
    padding-left: 0.5em;
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    /* Contain the floated .qed inside this box so it doesn't leak into the
       next paragraph (which happens when the proof's last paragraph contains
       only the QED span and therefore has zero block-flow height). */
    display: flow-root;
}

/* QED marker */
.qed {
    float: right;
    font-size: 1.1em;
}

/* Exercise solutions */
.document {
    color: var(--color-text-muted);
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

/* Neutralize tex4ht font-size classes
   These would otherwise shrink text unpredictably
   ========================================================================== */
.ec-lmr-10,
.ec-lmr-10x-x-109,
.ec-lmr-12,
.ec-lmr-17x-x-143,
.xydash-10 {
    font-size: inherit;
}

.ec-lmss-12, .ec-lmssbx-10x-x-120 {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
}

.ec-lmssbx-10x-x-120, .ec-lmbx-12 {
    font-weight: 700;
}

.ec-lmtt-12 {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
}

.cmmi-12, .ec-lmri-12 {
    font-style: italic;
}

/* MathJax
   ========================================================================== */
mjx-mtext.smallcaps {
    font-weight: 600;
}