Logic, Computability, and Incompleteness
Propositional Logic
1.1  Syntax
1.2  The propositional calculus
1.3  Semantics
1.4  Soundness and completeness
First-Order Predicate Logic
2.1  Syntax
2.2  The first-order predicate calculus
2.3  Semantics
2.4  Functions and identity
2.5  Soundness
Completeness
3.1  Cardinalities
3.2  Planning the completeness proof
3.3  The completeness proof
3.4  Unintended models
Theories
4.1  Arithmetic
4.2  Set theory
4.3  Sets and numbers
4.4  Unintended models, again
Computability
5.1  The Entscheidungsproblem
5.2  Computable functions
5.3  Uncomputable functions
5.4  Decidability
5.5  Coding
Turing Computability
6.1  Turing machines
6.2  Computing arithmetical functions
6.3  Universal Turing machines
6.4  Uncomputability
Recursive Functions
7.1  Primitive recursive functions
7.2  Primitive recursive operations
7.3  Unbounded search
7.4  Recursiveness and Turing-computability
7.5  Feasible computation
Arithmetization
8.1  Expressing functions and relations
8.2  Representability
8.3  Conditions for representability I
8.4  Conditions for representability II
8.5  Wrapping up
Incompleteness
9.1  Preview
9.2  Arithmetization of syntax
9.3  The First Incompleteness Theorem
9.4  Tarski’s Theorem
9.5  The arithmetical hierarchy
10 The Unprovability of Consistency
10.1  The Second Incompleteness Theorem
10.2  Löb’s Theorem
10.3  The logic of provability
10.4  Chaitin’s Incompleteness Theorem
10.5  Philosophy of mind